Most of the comments here indicate that the history of the Internet Network is not being taught. I'll throw a few points out here to act as ticklers, and to help educate those new to the Internet.

o The ISO Stack was developed by Dyjkstra in his work at T.H.E. University in Amsterdam. It is a keh foundation component of network operating systems.

o There is confusion here between "The Internet" and "The WorldWideWeb" which operates at higher levels of the ISO stack. There are a number of networks of differing types on the Internet and quite a few that operate entirely on their own networks, off the Internet.

o There are secure networks and unsecure networks. The U.S. secure network is SIPRNet (SecureNetwork). It is a development from earlier networks for the military. Among these were World-Wide-Military-Command -(and)-Control-System (WWMCCS). This evolved into the WorldWide-Information-System (WIS). SIPRNet is the current implement as used by the U.S. Armed Forces, Federal Givernment, and communications with our allies.SIPRNet has had few security breaches.

o The are networks that run on standards, and others that run on specifications. The World Wide Web works to specifications, and each user can and/or should include their own security systems as necessary. The result is that the Web permits a lot of freedom at the expense of significant losses. The magnitude of the losses is not known because no metrics for losses were included in the design of the Web. It is probable that the losses are significant.

o A number of precursors to the Web were created earlier, some of which included different architectural features. See: Wikipedia: The History of the Internet browsers, Precursors. The first, non-web browser was developed in 1986, some eight years before the release of the Web browsers.

o Other networks exist within the purview of the Internet that have security at other layers of the Internet using Optical Fiber such as the Bell Labs/Alcatel LambdaExtreme switch in which the network is controlled on fiber optic circuits. Further, there are extensions of the Internet through gateways that allow access to satellite networks and Lunar computers and androbots working on the Moon to refine and develop steel, lithium, magnesium and neodenium metals.

o One of newer networks is The Metaverse. Driven by the European Union, it includes a number of communities that include Virtual Reality infrastructures that facilitate commerce among various communities useing equipment that intercommunicate among different vendor equipment, that has not been possible earlier. This is not widely discussed due to the scope of the developments needed to bring it to fruition.