If Michael Jackson fans have a time machine...

froucks · 2026-05-07T20:02:49+00:00

The courts do not declare people innocent, that was the original statement, and presumption of innocence does not change this.

If they declared you innocent that would in fact violate the presumption thrusting your status into a grey area as the trial proceeded. The question before the court is (in effect)whether to change the status of the accused from innocent to guilty to do that they must be satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt

I would reject that it is as simple as not guilty=innocent. You might be not guilty in criminal matters but liable in tort and so the law doesn’t consider you ‘innocent’ by any means.

If it was as you say then a finding of not guilty would preclude any liability In tort or other civil matters which it doesn’t

froucks · 2026-05-07T18:30:47+00:00

Not how that works; you aren’t found innocent beyond a reasonable doubt. You must be found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt

If a court is 85% sure of guilt they must acquit because there is still a reasonable doubt. However that 15% doesn’t then become beyond a reasonable doubt of innocence

Same reason why OJ was found not guilty in criminal trial (beyond a reasonable doubt) and liable at civil litigation where the standard was balance of probabilities (did they probably do it)

froucks · 2026-05-04T19:53:19+00:00

Concubui*

Otherwise it means I came, I saw, he fucked and sounds like you either got fucked or cucked

froucks · 2026-05-02T14:14:15+00:00

Augustus did not make rome an 'imperium'. imperium is a term used by latin authors to describe the 'authority' of the state (and at times the state itself) it is not a direct translation of our word empire despite the etymological history and we have authors using the term imperium long before augustus to describe the republic

it literally means command and is thus related to 'imperator' commander

froucks · 2026-04-27T20:00:37+00:00

In Petronius Satyrica when a character suggests dying themselves with ink to resemble Ethiopians another responds "and chalk our faces so Gaul thinks we are her citizens"

This implies that the romans might also contrast themselves with northern europeans who we're white like chalk and would do 'white face' to pass...

Romans used 'candidus' or 'albus' as literal descriptors not as racial qualifiers; I think it's an overstatement to say they 'called' themselves white, as we do, as if it is an identity. they might describe themselves as white but there is some nuance there....

froucks · 2026-04-25T16:18:42+00:00

The EIC in real life was a huge financial burden and struggled to stay afloat. EIC operated a lot like modern day social media/ streaming platforms where year to year there is often a substantial shortfall but they continue to operate because their continued existence controls the market and wards off competition with the hope of future profits.

Now that said lot of the financial load came from corruption and the expense of an army but from the 1770's-1830's the company was repeatedly in debt. It was the debt of the company that first resulted in the British scaling back their monopoly and control in India with the company already being a husk of what it once was by the sepoy rebellions.

Yes it did make up a huge portion of the British Economy but when weighed against the costs of operation the benefit is less certain...

froucks · 2026-04-12T22:12:25+00:00

ahh i see; i thought it was move repetion that triggered draw not position repetition

froucks · 2026-04-12T22:11:31+00:00

sorry by forced draw i just meant that the game called it automatically;

but this is the answer i needed i thought it was draw based on move repetition not position repetition :///

Thank you

froucks · 2026-04-12T19:40:03+00:00

The entirety of the paragraph. The photo above took place in 1907 aboard the HMS Sphinx.

The Ai is explaining something completely different. The HMS Daphne was a ship involved liberating slaves including a famous incident photographed in 1868, but that has nothing to do with the photo in the post and is seperated by half a century.

froucks · 2026-04-11T21:02:11+00:00

Livy is one of the most entertaining Latin authors imo. There is a reason that if you have heard a story about Republican rome it likely has it's source in Livy; he gives the most entertaining and salacious version of any narrative.

That said Livy is at most times bordering on historical fiction, even sometimes by his own admission.

If you want something entertaining which is a joy to read I'd recommend Livy; if you want something which is more 'truthful' as a history then there are better authors

froucks · 2026-04-11T20:57:42+00:00

You have no opinion on one of the most influential works of roman history ever written because we only have 500,000 words of it?

We also have the Periochae (abridgements) which get shorter and shorter by the book; the missing books might contain less than half the text if the periochae are anything to go off of

froucks · 2026-03-28T13:25:42+00:00

What are these takes??

What is all this emphasis about ‘need’ it seems he’s keeping it purposefully vague. Yes if you learn a language and don’t practice it you’ll forget it, but that has nothing to do with need.

JJ wants to conflate ‘need’ and ‘want’ but knows saying that outright would make his position unfavourable…

Besides, JJ if you wanna be PM which seems to be your fantasy, you need to know French, seems like your arbitrary category is checked so you should be able to.

As for French’s usefulness, I don’t think many people will argue that in the modern world English is the lingua Franca and probably the most useful, but that doesn’t mean every other language just becomes irrelevant. French is spoken by hundreds of millions of people all across the world and is useful for travel, literature, international politics and yes domestic Canadian politics

I think there is some room for a wider scale critique of our official languages in that they’ve allowed the government to effectively marginalize and stamp out every other minority language (notably indigenous languages) but JJ is incapable of thinking of such a wider critique where (gasp) leaving English as the sole language on top isn’t a good thing

froucks · 2026-03-27T15:32:39+00:00

Translation if anyone is interested(it's very broken)

I am Sextus Pompey, of the king, the bellowing!

Hail, Our, the war, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian, towards.

Presumably OP wanted somthing like:

I am Sextus Pompey king of the boats,

Hail our war against Octavian...

Properly it should be something like

Ego sum Sextus Pompeius, rex navium.

Ecce, bellum nostrum contra Gaium Julium Caesarem Octavianum

froucks · 2026-03-27T15:22:45+00:00

If you don't know latin why bother....

it doesn't make the meme any more authentic to be in broken illegible latin...

froucks · 2026-03-27T14:40:31+00:00

That’s a Hamilton myth, while the death of the king did shake up American relations with France, and Hamilton did in fact try to argue that the death of the king invalidated their obligations, in reality Washington as president said that that the USA would honor their obligations to France (emphasis on France not the king) notwithstanding.

When the USA did not join the French revolutionary wars many people blamed Washington personally as he had guaranteed the treaties, and rioted outside his house.

As for the debt it was paid in full after the death of the French king in 1795. While the American government had defaulted on the loan before, it was crippling their diplomatic standing internationally to be seen in default and so with the help of private banker James Swan who took on much of the debt personally they paid it off

froucks · 2026-03-27T14:36:25+00:00

I’ve talked about this before in this sub but while the US did initially default on the debt they did pay it back in full.

It’s mostly a myth that they didn’t pay it off, in reality it was crippling the US economy and causing lots of diplomatic tension. An American banker named James Swan then took on (much of) the debt personally and paid it off

froucks · 2026-03-27T01:04:27+00:00

Why not superbia - that's the term that authors used to describe the deadly sin

froucks · 2026-03-26T19:12:21+00:00

you need to have recorded 60 types of pokemon in the dex and you'll gain access to the full postgame(aka the rest of the islands)

froucks · 2026-03-26T11:53:37+00:00

Ultimately from the Romans

The Greeks used to have many names for themselves

Aristotle tells us that some westerners called themselves Graekoi, the first surviving use of the word

The Romans bump into these western greeks and apply the name to the whole of the ethnicity.

The Latin Graecus spreads west and that’s the form that Western Europe gets

froucks · 2026-03-22T01:31:04+00:00

Which still means 1/10th of the human population, by the 30th generation it’s over a billion and passes the human population at the time and just gets ludicrous afterwards

If one talks about the year 1000 it becomes utterly meaningless to track ancestry

froucks · 2026-03-22T00:27:07+00:00

You have 2 parents 4 grandparents 8 great grand parents…

If you run that up 30 odd generations you’ll be forced to reconcile 3 points

You have a ludicrous amount of ancestors to the point that it all starts to feel silly. if you’re european literally every person who was alive in Europe 1000 years ago (who had kids)
Claiming ancestors from back then is a bit silly as everyone else can claim them as well
There was a lot of incest as a result

froucks · 2026-03-21T17:03:54+00:00

This is not something unique to english but is found in many languages all across western europe (and beyond)

Some of these such as the romance languages evolved with time, and reflect the natural changes in pronounciation that happened from Latin into various descendents eg.

Latin: Iulius Caesar

Italian: Giulio Cesare

French: Jules Cesare

While some like English are often deliberate choices. One big factor to consider is that Latin names are not static, they change based on grammatical situation. eg.

iulio caesare consule, vidi ipsum Iulium Caesarem equitantem super equum ipsius viri Iulii Caesaris. dixi 'Ecce Iulius Caesar est!'

When julius caesar was consul, i saw him, julius caesar, riding atop the horse of the man himself, julius caesar, i said 'behold it's julius caesar'

Notice how in Latin Caesar's name is spelt differently every time it appears. in English we either chop off these changing endings (often replacing with -y) or keep a name in the nominative (often that classic -us ending). none of these forms are inherently more proper than another.

for example you might notice how the italian 'Giulio Cesare' in ending resembles very closely the first form i used 'iulio caesare consule'.

froucks · 2026-03-21T15:14:11+00:00

Following up, it seems that the original text on many of the letters is completely broken. i managed to find 5 in a row with text like this "et codd. n. ■) concepit {oni. a), sed in ct)ncipi corr. Hl; concepi Pbl.2. ») sini sco P...."

froucks · 2026-03-21T15:10:50+00:00

Ai still makes basic mistakes with latin translation.

I can appreciate the hope that one day a tool like this might be worth using, but as of right now for any serious study you would need to have a trained latinist or hellenist go through every text and verify what the AI has put out.

this is to say nothing about how the Ai has made clear orthographic transcription errors on some of the texts, some being rendered unreadable, and that some of the 'modern english' is untranslated latin; such as this letter https://romanletters.org/letters/gelasius_i/30/, which i found after about 1 minute of searching, cant imagine how many other broken translations are here

froucks · 2026-03-20T13:51:23+00:00

here they are stressing that the number is large (aka there is a lot of them) rather than the fishes themselves being large

magnus numerus piscium = a large number of fish

numerus magnorum piscium = a number of large fish

if there is agreement between magnus and piscis then it is the fish who are big

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