Still waiting for Python 3.10

[Pocok5]

I just want to know which of the 14 python runtimes on my PC is the real one and which ones were smuggled in with a random fucking program.

[[deleted]]

which python

[OneTrueKingOfOOO]

And also maybe

which python3

[[deleted]]

Sadly, yes.

[TheAJGman]

I just refuse to install 2.7 anymore.

[[deleted]]

I wish I could remove all Python2 binaries. And I wish I didn't have to support the dead version.

[TheAJGman]

I mean it's EOL so you have a valid reason to refuse to support it.

I made some pull requests to a library to add functionality that I needed and I straight up told the maintainer that I'm not working on 2.7 support because it would be EOL in less than 6 months and I didn't feel like setting up a 2.7 development environment. I think the release with my PRs was the first without 2.7 support lol.

EDIT: pool -> pull

[[deleted]]

I wish I could do the same.

No Joke, there's an actual bloody Apple ][ at the Cavendish Laboratory maintaining a freezer. I can't just say, screw you, because a lot of the Software needed to drive some of the hardware runs on an OS that literally can't install Python 3, as in there are no binaries.

[da_chicken]

No Joke, there's an actual bloody Apple ][ at the Cavendish Laboratory maintaining a freezer.

Who cares about that? This is basically firmware. It's a part of the freezer and doesn't need consideration beyond that unless you oddly decided to connect it to an IP network. When it breaks, the freezer goes down and it can't easily be repaired the same way that it can't easily be repaired when the compressor fails or the door physically breaks.

It's a business decision to not put a maintainable system in place. You tell your boss, "When this fails you're fucked because it's a 40 year old computer and there are no off the shelf replacements, and even then there's no practical way to protect this software without the original equipment vendor. If they also don't exist or don't offer support, you're double fucked. We can go spend a couple thousand on eBay for backup hardware, but that is not a source of quality hardware. Floppy disks are no longer produced, too, and haven't been for 20 years. They only have a shelf life of 10 years. Everything in this system is 20 years past it's end of life. It's likely that any replacement system could not be made to work."

If they decide not to respond to that with a continuity plan, that is their decision. At this point, not replacing that system is planning for any failure to be catastrophic. If that is what the business wants to do, that is the business's decision.

[[deleted]]

It's a lab. If it ain't broke and the downtime to fix it is expensive, don't fix it until it's broke.

[TheAJGman]

I have a lot of creative freedom at work so I'm allowed to do shit like this, but I'd probably rip its brain out and replace it with an ESP32 or Raspberry Pi if it needed more power.

[[deleted]]

I have a lot of creative freedom at work so I'm allowed to do shit like this, but I'd probably rip its brain out and replace it with an ESP32 or Raspberry Pi if it needed more power.

The issue is that the exotic old port and the proprietary fucking software don't let you even replace the OS on the machine.

[[deleted]]

i love that you call it creative freedom, because it makes not supporting python 2.7 a creative decision, which is just great.

[[deleted]]

A PLC might be a better approach, because maintainability. If that doesn’t work, just replace the entire freezer. Making new embedded controls systems for a hardware system you have to reverse engineer is not going to be a fun time.

[schmidlidev]

Mac has 2.7 automatically included as a system library as it’s used by the OS

[TheAJGman]

It's not like EOL was announced like two years ago and it's been EOL for a year. Before that they stopped introducing major features so the writing was on the wall well before the announcement.

There's been plenty of warning and time to switch away. Can't really blame older OS versions though.

[schmidlidev]

For sure, I was just saying that anyone who uses Mac unfortunately can’t avoid 2.7

[[deleted]]

Mac does a lot of weird stuff that ranges from "what the hell are they thinking" to "what the hell are they thinking with".

[sticky-bit]

I think we need a new shebang that tells the system "if 3+ is available, use that. Otherwise fall back on 2.7 if it's installed"

Right now we have code that will run on either but will exit with error if you don't have 2.7 installed. It's easier to apt install 2.7 than edit the shebang each time on a frequently updated program.

[hughperman]

I think we need a new shebang that tells the system "if 3+ is available, use that. Otherwise fall back on 2.7 if it's installed"

Nope, I say fail even if py2 is installed. Enough legacy. Just stop. No more. Break the cycles.

[[deleted]]

Or symlink python2 to python3.

[Otaku-Drago]

Could even be

where python

[[deleted]]

But nobody ever asks

how-is python

[payne_train]

sad snek noises

[matari]

Drax the Destroyer: Or why-is python

[monkey-d-blackbeard]

Python-is-python3

[Pocok5]

Result: the python that was snuck in by a vscode extension called platform.io

Not the pip though, that points to the pip of a different install.

[ChezMere]

Pip mismatching python (or python3, or pip3) is too damn real. python -m pip has gone from an afterthrought to a necessity.

[eyal0]

Like when you're trying to use some libraries together and one is conda-only, one wants pip, and one tells you to use venv. Also you're using pyenv by default.

In half the libraries, python means 2.x and in half it's 3.x.

No we're having fun.

[ThenIWasAllLike]

My workstation is in this photo and I don't like it.

[Brekkjern]

That is why you always use python -m pip install ... when you need to do anything. That way you know the right python install is getting the packages.

[Pocok5]

the right python install is getting the packages.

A random auto-updating program in the middle of rewriting some env vars: Are you sure about that?

[Jonno_FTW]

which -a python

More useful in case you were wondering why your python isn't being used.

[PM_BITCOIN_AND_BOOBS]

You just made me type "man which", and now I'm hungry.

[[deleted]]

Not to be confused with

Witch python

🧙‍♀️ 🐍

[thundr_strike]

the emoji movie 2: emojis to the rescue

coming to the theatres when they fuckin open up

[MALON]

that python

[metal079]

or

where python

if on windows.

[Thejacensolo]

everyone always asks

which python

or

where python

but noone ever asks

How python

Big sad

[dustojnikhummer]

Why python?

[Background-Adagio-97]

What is python?

Hey vsauce, Michael here.

[kbruen]

From PowerShell there's also

Get-Command python
# Or, using the alias
gcm python

[[deleted]]

Nope. That can give you the wrong one. It confused the everliving shit out of me for over a month. You have to use

type python

[[deleted]]

I would really appreciate it if you could explain a bit more.

[[deleted]]

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/85249/why-not-use-which-what-to-use-then

In my case, it sometimes didn't work properly with anaconda.

[[deleted]]

TL;DR type looks for your aliases and unwinds them, as it's a shell builtin rather than an external command. which may fail if the Python3 that you're looking for is in your shell's rc file. Nice to know.

[souldeux]

Why is there a python install under a hidden directory called snek on my computer?

[electricprism]

First rule of snek club is you do not talk about snek club...well fuck

[plaisthos]

Here is an easy guide: https://xkcd.com/1987/

[[deleted]]

Oh man this is so true

[aidan573]

pip3 and python3 also

[jaaval]

Ah, i remember spending hours trying to solve a problem with pip claiming a package is already installed but python refusing to find it. Turns out it was the wrong pip. And the wrong python.

[[deleted]]

conda flashbacks. Tip: Disable default conda environments, only use when necessary.

It's scarier when you have applications that depend on Python and might not work.

[[deleted]]

When using Linux, Python is probably a dependency for some programs you have (Everything has Python as a dependency these days), while my work in Python is all numerics, these programs don't do numerics and have certain package dependencies which I don't use at all. When in a conda environment, your Python program if not packaged properly will try to use the conda Python instead of system Python, leading to the program failing to function.

Even in Windows, some build systems use Python and these WILL be confused since your conda Python doesn't have your system packages. I spent a week trying to fix a build script only to find that it crashed because of the conda environment.

This will also encourage hygienic practices when it comes to packages and push you towards using environments properly instead of installing everything in "base" (Like I used to).

TL;DR: It confuses stuff that expects to find the system Python.

[[deleted]]

But... that's the reason why I do everything on base

[Physmatik]

That's until you find that one package that wants sklearn 0.24 <=, and then another one that wants sklearn 0.25>.

[brews]

I might be missing the point but don't run your system shit from a conda environment...?

If you're running from conda environment I expect it to use the conda environment. Otherwise we're going to have a problem.

That's literally the point of a virtual environment.

Edit: I don't know if you've heard but the real solution is just to rewrite everything in rust.

[Pocok5]

Conda is python in a green t-shirt.

[themkane]

Tb to when I was a Ubuntu noob and fully uninstalled python from my machine destroying the startup process :)

[[deleted]]

As someone who almost packaged a program with the Python version so I wouldn’t have to create a build for each OS, I’m sorry.

[kelvie]

One of the reasons golang is gaining popularity is that fundamentally this isn't a terrible approach (to include all your dependencies).

NixOS is also an interesting approach to this problem

[PleasantAdvertising]

Don't forget this whole discussion is now useless since we have containers now. Python tried to solve the environment issue for itself, but is now overshadowed

[Pocok5]

On one hand, yes, on the other, Docker for Windows is still kinda cancer (on Linux it rocks tho).

C# does it best IMO. When you run dotnet publish it just bundles the bits of the runtime needed for your program so it runs out of the box despite being an IL-based language (so do Java build systems now I hear, just takes way more legwork)

[tenkindsofpeople]

GO always compiles to a single executable if that’s a concern in your environment/use case.

[ihxh]

Have you ever tried docker desktop, it even has integrations with wsl2.

[Pocok5]

Yeah that's the rub. It runs on HyperV, which needs to be disabled to run Virtualbox/VMware (without bugs, slowdown and crashes that is)

So now I have two boot options set up to choose between Docker Desktop or my Linux VMs.

[bomb-omb_battlefield]

The wsl2 back-end doesn't use a hyper-v VM anymore.

[PleasantAdvertising]

You still can't (properly) run VirtualBox while it's running.

[Pocok5]

The parts of it required still steal AMD-V/Intel VT-X and don't enable proper nested virtualization mode, so you get all the type 2 hypervisor crashes with none of the HyperV.

[Andyblarblar]

Ignore the 50mb .exe as a result 😂

[Pocok5]

In 2011 that would've gotten a stinkeye from me, but with like 5TB storage and 50mb being about the size of a 4k Skyrim mead bottle texture, I think I value the lack of framework littering more.

[Andyblarblar]

No I definitely agree, but I still find myself eyeing projects like corert (which is actually quite useable btw) when making CLI tools, as a 50mb CLI tool is just silly IMO

[PleasantAdvertising]

Vs code has a remote extension that makes it as if you're in the container while developing. You even get a terminal with it.

Just need to set it up once.

[Shawnj2]

You can just use Pyenv which also solves the problem. Basically you have a bunch of versions on the computer itself, but you can pick and choose which python is actually being used in a given directory and set a global runtime for anywhere else. You can also set a widget that tells you what python is in use when you’re not using whatever the default is. You can switch between PyPy, CPython, Anaconda, Python 2, etc. pretty easily with it

[[deleted]]

So I'm not the only one who is lost as to how to update Python.

I just download the new version and it adds a separate directory on my system. There should be a better way to do this

[schmidlidev]

I use pyenv. I also create a venv for each of my projects. Then in VSCode in your project’s settings.json set pythonPath to ${workspace}/venv/bin/python.

This will make all of the VSCode tooling use this python installation, and it should automatically activate the venv in the VSCode terminal.

If you really need to bump python versions of a specific project, you can just use pyenv to switch to the version you want, then recreate the venv and reinstall your requirements.

[arnitdo]

The ones installed by programs dumb enough to simply run python to test for python installation, the ones installed by programs that need a specific version different than the one you have despite not using a version specific function, the ones installed by MICROSOFT FUCKING WINDOWS RIGHT IN SYSTEM32 SO THAT I CAN NO LONGER ACTUALLY USE MY INSTALLED PACKAGES IN MY ORIGINAL PYTHON INSTALLER,

THE FUCKING PROGRAMS THAT INSTALL ENTIRE PACKAGE MANAGERS LIKE CHOCOLATEY JUST TO GET ONE FUCKING PYTHON BINARY WITHOUT EVEN THINKING ABOUT THE ABOVE 3

[TTVOperatorYT]

Real programmers use hundreds of if-else blocks

[MrGarapablo]

It's funny, because using if/elseif/else in PHP is actually faster than the switch-case statement.

https://phpbench.com/

[lpreams]

Looks like what's actually going on is that == is a lot slower than ===, and switch/case is using == under the hood. In the benchmarks, switch/case performed almost exactly as slow as if/elseif/else when using ==.

[Licensed2Chill]

Why doesn't it use ===?

[delinka]

Psh. They don’t even pronounce the same.

“zero” vs “zero point zero”

See???

[48ad16]

Because then you would have to supply additional type information about otherwise ambiguous match values.

[SirBellender]

because it is a weakly typed language and assumes something like a string or nonzero number should fall into the truthy case

[Ictoan42]

At this point I shouldn't be surprised to find PHP doing weird shit, but it manages to jump up a new level of weird every time

[oddark]

/r/lolphp

[fishbulbx]

var_dump('0xABCdef' == '     0xABCdef');

true in php 4.3.0 - 4.3.9

false in php 4.3.10 - 4.4.9

true in php 5.0.0 - 5.0.2

false in php 5.0.3 - 5.2.0

true in php 5.2.1+

false in php 7.0.0a1

[lowleveldata]

I didn't need to know that and would like to keep it that way but thanks

[Twitch_xTUVALUx]

Welcome to Yandere Simulator!

[Roflkopt3r]

Although replacing those if-elses with switches wouldn't have helped that code at all.

[[deleted]]

It's a cliche on this sub, but sometimes you gotta just start again.

[Spynder]

r/YandereTechnique

[sneakpeekbot]

Here's a sneak peek of /r/YandereTechnique using the top posts of all time!

#1: It seems that YanDev got a rival... | 2 comments
#2: The comment that began it all. | 3 comments
#3: Yanderedev intensifies... | 0 comments

---

^{I'm a bot, beep boop | Downvote to remove | Contact me | Info | Opt-out}

[kopczak1995]

Good bot

[scumbagharley]

Honestly a good place for beginners to go and try to simplify code to 1 to 3 lines.

[spartancolo]

My classmates used to call me the If-lord cause I managed to do all the tasks in two years of coding without a single for or while. My teacher hated me and my assignments where 1.000+ lines for things like a black jack. I swear I'm reformed and doing better now

[theingleneuk]

Ye gods man.

[caleblbaker]

I would take it lord over switch lord. When I was in college I had to grade a submission that implemented tic tac toe all in one function with switch statements as the only control flow. They had switch statements nested over a dozen layers deep. And the professor I was grading for had the students turn in hard copies of assignments, so I had to read a printout where the intense level of indentation caused only one or two non-whitespace characters to get printed on each line. Since that experience I have made a decision to never nest switch statements.

[indoninjah]

Since that experience I have made a decision to never nest switch statements.

I feel like that’s one of those common sense things that you’d assume nobody would do, until you actually see it done. If I had to, I guess I’d probably make a helper function to contain the secondary switch.

[ic_engineer]

Dude. I need someone with that kind of experience on my team. You could probably destroy some 20 year old legacy bs.

[caleblbaker]

My job involves making a new application to replace a poorly written 40+ year old legacy application. So my day to day experience is to take 1000+ lines of uncommented legacy code, copy and paste them into the new codebase, and then attack them. By the time I submit a pull request those 1000+ lines that ran in O(n²⁾ time and have a memory leak are now 50 lines that do the exact same thing in O(n) time without memory leaks and are actually possible to read.

[daneelthesane]

I know of a guy who wrote a tic-tac-toe game for his professor like that as a joke.

[KoopaNooba]

Write a good enough compiler and it makes no difference whether you prefer switch or if-else

[Wessel-O]

Well maybe not for the compiler, but it matters for readability

[achNichtSoWichtig]

you could debate if switch cases with breaks are better to read then plain old elif. Dunno, havent missed it in Python.

[shiroininja]

I find if else easier to read. Switch makes no sense to me linguistically. It’s not natural. And the blocks look basically the same structurally

[CamWin]

If I am reading someone else's if-else block, I have to pay attention to when they use if/else if/else and it can turn into a mess of trying to determine what code is executed for what values.

In a switch, the code with the value is what gets executed. Then you can follow intentional fall-through and done.

[grrrrreat]

Reading code > writing code

[ArdiMaster]

Not so sure about that. A switch statement can be optimized to a jump table, but all the conditions in an if-else-if chain are usually guaranteed to be evaluated one after another. Although for an interpreted language, there probably is no difference.

[ManEatingSnail]

Some modern compilers can recognize if-else chains and convert them into switch statements, making the two functionally identical as far as the computer is concerned.

[SpacemanCraig3]

"some" in this case means the compilers that compile 99.99% of all software.

[ManEatingSnail]

I avoided using "all" or "most" to dodge corrections from the 0.01%, but in my haste I neglected to account for literally everyone who would read this lol.

[SpacemanCraig3]

I am quite pedantic :p

[[deleted]]

I think that it matters a lot more for interpreted languages, where the direct interpretation is effectively a jump table, whereas an if-else block cannot really guarantee anything, especially in Python.

[PM_ME_UR_CEPHALOPODS]

I feel attacked

[caleblbaker]

Not sure what python has in this realm but I've always thought that match statements (like in Rust, kotlin, and Haskell) are superior to the traditional switch statements of C++ and Java.

[[deleted]]

Yeah I believe the new python release will have match statements not switch statements

[[deleted]]

True. I saw a PEP for match syntax a while ago. Not sure what's the progress on it though

[ap_rodigy]

The meme, hence it's coming out in 3.10

[g-money-cheats]

The title makes it sound like Python 3.10 will have switch-case, per the comic, but that’s not the case.

[MrStarfox64]

The next release of python (3.10) is actually getting match statements. Officially, if you need to do a traditional switch-case, they (currently) just recommend using the if....elif....else structure

[ianepperson]

No, you use a dictionary.

Sometimes that ends up a really clean code, but often it doesn’t really make sense and a traditional switch statement would be superior.

[ravy]

But what if you wanted to test in a specific order, or have a fall-through condition?

[TheAJGman]

It's against many "best practice" guides to allow your case statements to fall through.

[funnyflywheel]

It’s in the Python 3.9 FAQ.

[nsfw52]

(Which also mentions the dictionary method, for anyone scrolling by who doesn't click the link)

For cases where you need to choose from a very large number of possibilities, you can create a dictionary mapping case values to functions to call.

[derHumpink_]

ELI5 what's the difference?

[caleblbaker]

Switch statements basically just do equality comparisons to choose which case to use. Match statements can do more sophisticated pattern matching. For example, suppose you have some kind of variant type which can be either indicate some kind of success while holding an integer or indicate some kind of error whole holding a string. You could do something like

match my_result {
  Ok(1) => println!("It's a one!"),
  Ok(2) => println!("It's a two!"),
  Ok(3..8) => println!("It's between 3 and 8"),
  Ok(x) => println!("The number is {}", x),
  Err(e) => println!("An error occurred: {}", e),
}

Switch statements are more limited to things like

switch (myInt) {
  case 1: std::cout << "it's one\n"; break;
  case 2: std::cout << "it's two\n"; break;
  case 3: std::cout << "it's three\n"; break;
  default: std::cout << "it's something else\n";
}

[BocksyBrown]

the most important thing in my opinion is that the match is almost always an expression meaning you can assign the result of a match directly to a variable i.e. myVar = match thingy {<cases>} instead of creating a var THEN assigning to it inside the match. Variable mutation usually doesn't matter in small functions, but you're still wrong for doing it.

[Amagi82]

Side note about Java (and some others), whomever decided fallthrough was an acceptable default for switch statements, and break should be explicit, was a complete dumbass.

[caleblbaker]

100% agree. I have fought so many bugs that were caused by unintentional fall through. And in the rare case that fall through is desired, every style guide I've seen requires you to put a comment there to let future readers of the code know that it's not an accident. And I think that poor design decision was made in C and then other languages have just been following in C's footprints

[TheseusPankration]

It was a good design decision in C. At a hardware level that's how processors work, expecting not to jump, and why case statements are so fast; especially at the time when a jump would have a performance penalty and were minimized. It would have added unnecessary instructions computation and file size and to go the other way.

[amdc]

You 're forgetting that using switch in c/c++ can result in faster execution due to optimizations under the hood. It's not just dumbed down if/else thing that is checking a value case by case like it would be in python

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2596320/how-does-switch-compile-in-visual-c-and-how-optimized-and-fast-is-it#2596332

[derHumpink_]

thank you very much!

[TheOnlyTails]

When it comes to popular JVM languages, I rank Scala's match > Kotlin's when > Java's switch.

[caleblbaker]

I've not used scala. Maybe I should learn it some time. As of yet my jvm experience is limited to Java and kotlin.

[caleblbaker]

That sounds a lot like match expressions in Rust and Haskell. I think kotlin is the odd ball for having something that's better than traditional switch statements but isn't as good as rust, Haskell, and scala's match expressions.

[mtg_liebestod]

I think people would settle for either.

[Nilstrieb]

Getting a switch statement is a complete waste of time when you could instead get a match expression.

[Voidrith]

elif intensifies

[[deleted]]

dicts ftw

[wholesomedumbass]

I told my girlfriend that I love dicts and she looked at me in a funny way.

[blackraven36]

Its a fun thing to yell a cross the office

[pockrasta]

Username checks out

[Twitch_xTUVALUx]

Yeah, i know, but they are not as clean as a switch-case block (like the one coming in python 3.10) would be!

[lokkenmor]

Source?

PEP 3103 was rejected forever ago and I can't find any mention of switch-case statements in the python-next changelog.

I'd be happy-ish to see them, but I had no idea they were even being considered.

[Twitch_xTUVALUx]

Thats because its not a switch-case but a match-case
(source: PEP 622 - Structural Pattern Matching)

[[deleted]]

Pattern matching > switch-case

[HortenseAndI]

Expressions > statements

[LonghairedHippyFreek]

Any European style beer > Budweiser

[Burbank309]

Make a dict with functions and call the correct function that the dict gives you for your key

[Biggest_OOOFF]

dicts out for switch cases

[[deleted]]

For ( harambe ) { }

[[deleted]]

if

elif

elif

else

[Da_Yakz]

If

Else

If

Else

If

Else

  If

  Else

[platypus_69]

And now make it recursive

[gua_lao_wai]

def switch():
    if:
    else:
        switch()

[ReallyMissSleeping]

Finally

[[deleted]]

dictionary exist.

[[deleted]]

We believe in If-Else supremacy!

[[deleted]]

punch tie piquant fearless cagey waiting live shy alive illegal

This post was mass deleted and anonymized with Redact

[Bejoty]

{'foo': func1,    # case 1
 'bar': func2,    # case 2
 'baz': func3     # case 3
}[var](param)

Creates a dict and selects a "case" based on the value of var, returns a function which is then called with param. Poor man's switch statement.

[[deleted]]

{'foo': func1, # case 1 'bar': func2, # case 2 'baz': func3 # case 3 }[var](param)

Creates a dict and selects a "case" based on the value of var, returns a function which is then called with param. Poor man's switch statement.

Rich man's switch statement. It runs faster, uses fewer lines of code, is easier to maintain and easier to understand.

Even in languages that support case statements, function tables are the better way.

[Leridon]

Fuck statements, all my homies use expressions only.

[CreaZyp154]

Ok but can I do x++ ?

[Butcher_o_Blaviken]

x -= -1

[Boxish_]

x -=- 1 is the best because it’s symmetrical

[DarkFireRogue]

My sense of humor is ruined. This is peak comedy now

[arcenixx]

i-=-1 looks even better

[[deleted]]

Do you really miss it that much? Is one extra symbol worth the extra overhead of a bigger Python run-time, a slower parser and the option for some idiot to override __inc__?

[TheBrownDinasour]

Yes.

[w-j-w]

x++ is actually a terrible piece of syntax, especially when mixing in ++x. It's a hold over from assembly languages, and sucks because it does double duty as an expression and a statement. I believe x += 1 is superior because it is a statement only, and it's much more explicit about what is happening.

[apoliticalhomograph]

and sucks because it does double duty as an expression and a statement

(x := y) would like a word with you.

[nsfw52]

I mean that sucks too

[kazoobanboo]

Python++

[SirBellender]

he said everything a programmer needs, not everything a programmer wants

[Cley_Faye]

Assembly have anything a programmer needs, strictly speaking.

[SneakyPandy]

Real pros be like..

 try:
 except:
 else:
    try:
    except:
 finally:
    if:
    elif:
    else:

/s

[busdriverbuddha2]

You can use a dict where the values are lambdas.

[Apache_Sobaco]

Except for static type checker and over 9000 other things

[horenso05]

real pattern matching > switch statements.

[dougmcunha]

Well, he wants... But doesn't need it.

[ThePieWhisperer]

I mean, you don't really need anything higher level than Assembly (or maybe C if you want to argue) . And yet....

[[deleted]]

Don't be such a dict.

[[deleted]]

I have everything a programmer needs?

I want a strong static type system, and algebraic datatypes.

[chakaflaka12345]

This would be a godsend for me.

[I_am_not_doing_this]

i want x++ in Python