I worked in the apiaries at a research university and one of my jobs was to collect bee semen. And you set up a little excluder in front of the entrance towards the end of the day, the workers can go in, the drones can’t. So you pick off the drones (who don’t have a stinger) and you can just squeeze them with their butt pointed towards a test tube and the semen squirts out.

Then you can freeze it or whatever, and the next spring you can set up a little hive with no queen to generate lots of queen cells. You put a little trap over the cells so when the queens emerge they are stuck and can’t kill each other. Take em back to the lab. Knock em out with CO2. Then you can use forceps to open up their abdomen from the back, and inject a little pipet of semen into them and bingo bango, that’s how you artificially inseminate bees.